The Implementation of a 2/4/8 Antennas Configurable Diversity OFDM Receiver for Mobile HDTV Application

Two pre-FFT adaptive array (AA) antenna combiners and a post-FFT carrier diversity (CD) combiner are integrated with a Japan Terrestrial digital TV (ISDB-T) OFDM receiver using 90 nm 7M1P CMOS process. A 2/4/8-antenna diversity receiver can be configured and a low-cost 4 antenna diversity reception system can be realized in one LSI by making use of the AA-CD two-stage diversity combining method. Mobile reception performance is increased by 1.63 times using a denoise filter circuit and SPLINE interpolator under urban 6-path Rayleigh fading (TU6) model with 2-antenna post-FFT carrier diversity (2CD) combing mode. The die area is 49 mm2 and the power consumption is 310 mW

HLA-DR8 Subtyping by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - DNA Conformation Polymorphism (DCP) Analysis : a simple and practical genotyping method

Two hundred Japanese panels were serologically typed for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) - DR to assign 65 HLA-DRS haplotypes, which were then subdivided into two genotypes, i.e., DRB1 *0802 and DRB1 *0803, by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - based, simple, and practical method. The panels possessing DR8 specificity were firstly subjected to PCR with a couple of primers specifically to amplify their DR52 associated group - DRB1 genes. PCR products were then denatured in the presence of formamide, electrophoresed in a non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel, and visualized by silver staining. The same DRB1 products of these samples were also mixed with the DRB1 *1302, and simultaneously analyzed by the same procedure. Electrophoretic mobilities of the samples were compared with those of the typing standards to genotype their DRS-DRB1 alleles by using the characteristic polymorphism in the single-stranded DNAs and the heteroduplexes. This method, designated PCR - DNA conformation polymorphism (DCP) analysis, allowed for genotyping of the DR8-DRB1 alleles without using sequence - specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP) or restriction endonucleases. The entire process after PCR was completed within a few hours. The tested panels were also genotyped for DRB1 gene by the PCR-SSOP method for comparison with results obtained by the PCR-DCP method. Satisfactory coincidence was achieved and it represented how accurately the new system genotyped DRB1 *0802 and DRB1 *0803. PCR-DCP analysis was thus shown to be practical and useful for subtyping of serologically defined DR8 specificities.This work was supported in part by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Japan, and research grants from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan